Composition of Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activity from Juice of Jeju Native Citrus Fruits during Maturation

This study aims to evaluate the changes of flavonoid contents and antioxidants activity of Jeju native citrus fruits juice according to the harvest date. Flavonoids such as quercatagetin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were contained most plentifully in the juice of Jigak (Citrus aur- antium) by 573.73 mg/100 mL, Sadoogam (C. pseudogulgul) by 393.99 mg /100 mL, Soyooja by 29.63 mg/100 mL and Jigak (C. aurantium) by 201.23 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. The highest contents of nob-iletin, sinensetin and tangeretin among polymethoxyflavones were found in the juice of Hongkyool (C. tachibana) by 7.39 mg/100 mL, 2.24 mg/100 mL, 0.63 mg/100 mL in the late August, respectively. 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'- Heptamet- hoxyflavone recorded the highest amount in Punkyool (C. tangerina) by 0.27 mg/100 mL in the late August, but the other polymethoxyflavones including 3',4',7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone, 4'-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone, scutellarein tetramethylether were observed only trace amount in all the citrus fruits. Flavonoid contents in the citrus fruit juices were the highest during early maturation and decreased rapidly while ripening. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in the late August and decreased with ripening. However from the late December, the contents were increased again. Antioxidant activities of the fruits were evaluated as electron donating ability and were the lowest in the late September and increased with the fruit ripening. These results suggest that quercetagetin among all the flavonoids was most plentiful in Jigak and Dangyooja (C. grandis), so that the fruits could be used for industrial material of flavonoids and antioxidant agents.

Conjoined Nerve Root Anomaly Associated with Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Case Report

The condition of anomalous nerve root is rare. The authors are reporting a case of conjoined nerve root anomaly associated with lumbar disc herniation in a 36-year-old male who was transferred from another hospital. A standard hemilaminectomy with a discectomy had been performed under the disgnosis of the L4-5 lumbar disc herniation at the other hospital. However symptoms were not relieved. During a second surgery at our hospital, a L5-S1 conjoined nerve root was discovered after removal of the extradural hematoma at the previous laminectomy site, a medial facetctomy with a foraminotomy were carried out and the conjoined root was decompressed completely. The patient returned to work 2 months postoperatively with complete relief of symptoms.

Clinical Analysis of Automated Percutaneous Discectomy for Herniated Lumbar Disc

A retrospective study of operative results was carried out in a series of 48 patients who were performed automated percutaneous discectomy for herniated lumbar disc using Nucleotome between Jan. 1990 and Jan. 1994. The operative results were analysed, and the correlation between preoperative clinicoradiological factors and postoperative clinical results were statistically assessed. The major results were as follows: 1) Of 48 patients, 37 were males and 11 were females. Mean age of the patients was 31.7 years and the highest incidence occurred in their thirties. 2) The preoperative symptoms and signs were radiating pain(100%), lumbago(94%), motor weakness(21%), and positive score in straight leg raising test(77%). Mean duration of symptoms was 33.1 months and the duration of recent aggravation was 3.7 months. 3) Operation was performed in 62 intervertebral discs, the most commonly involved level was L4-5(53%). Mean duration of follow-up was 19.1 months. 4) Clinical results on follow-up were graded excellent in 65%, good in 21%, fair 8% and poor in 6% by Cagot's classification, and the overall success rate was 85% by Onik's classification. 5) As to age distribution and the group concerning compensatory and non-compensatory, success rates were not statistically significant. 6) The causes of failure were sequestered discs in 3 cases, suspicious sequestered discs in 2 cases, combined spinal stenosis with multiple discs in 1 case and worker's compensation in 1 case. According to the above results, automated percutaneous discectomy was recommended as primary choice of relatively noninvasive surgical procedure for the herniated lumbar discs except or sequestered disc and spinal stenosis.

A Case of Aneurysm Arising from the Marginal Branch of Superior Cerebellar Artery: A Case Report

The authors present a case of non-mycotic aneurysm arising from the marginal branch of the left superior cerebellar artery(SCA) in a 65-year-old female. Cerebral angiography disclosed a saccular aneurysm(3x3 mm) at the origin of marginal branch of the left SCA. The aneurysm was successfully clipped through the infratentorial-supracerebellar approach. Since the aneurysm from the marginal branch of the SCA is rare, we reported here briefly.